aiou Archives

Origin & Development of Public Relation in Pakistan

January 21, 2013 No Comments

Q4. Explain the origin and development of Public Relations in Pakistan. Origin of Public Relation in Pakistan: Like other parts of the globe, in the areas now constituting Pakistan, PR was practised in one form or the other, even thousands of years ago. The rulers of South Asia sub-continent made use of rocks and specially constructed monuments to convey royal proclamations and decrees and/ or to highlight their achievements. The rt>yal proclamations, the words of wisdom and Achievements of some rulers of the bygone days can be seen carved on some rocks near Mansehra, Gilgitand other areas in the northern Pakistan even to day . Ashoka’s (about 300B.C) royal decrees appear on a rock near the present city of Mansehra in NWFP. The main purpose of these carvings on rocks/monuments was the desire of the ruler to keep a constant channel of communication, and thus g sustained understanding, with the […]

Public Relations Code 968

Basic Concepts and Tools of Public Relations

January 16, 2013 1 Comment

Explain in detail the basic concepts and tools of Public Relations. Basic Concepts and Tools of Public Relations: Public relations is usually confused with advertising, press agentry, propaganda, publicity, public affair if etc., but these are some of the tools used by the all absorbing discipline of public relations for achieving its objectives. A public relations campaign may include all or some of them but it is not confirmed to any one of the same. Some of the basic concepts and tools of public relations have been discussed in the following paragraphs: Publics In Public Relations the term ‘public.’ is used for those people or group of people who are directly or indirectly concerned with the organisation, use its services/products or benefit from jt in one form or another and/or affected by its policies/programmes. In other words it is a group or groups of people who are tied together by […]

Advertising Code 967

Kinds of Advertising

December 22, 2012 No Comments

Describe different kinds of advertising. Explain with examples. Kinds of Advertising: Advertising includes those activities by which visual or oral messages are addressed to the public for the purpose of informing and influencing them to buy merchandise or services. These activities of advertising must tell the story of product, service, idea, person etc. Its basic appeal may be the same, but the shades and variations of the sales message must match the variety of merchandise. These different shades and variations of the message are actually different kinds of advertising. So, classification of kinds of advertising are established in accordance with the purpose of writers. Advertising can be classified from different angles, such as according to media, type of product, service, idea, institution, type of appeal; character of action sought, and so on. Different kinds of advertising with variety of appeals and messages are used to push the product ahead in […]

Advertising Code 967

Advertising and Objectives of Advertisment

December 20, 2012 No Comments

Explain the general objectives of advertising after explaining different definitions of advertising. Advertising: Advertising is an art of the seller in which he introduces ideas, goods and services for the buyer through the media of mass communication. Advertising is many things to many people; to a house wife, it is a source of information to guide her for family purpose; to a forest ranger, it is a smoky hear; to a printer and publisher it is what to pay for printing; and for a manufacturer it is a means of talking simultaneously with hundred and thousand people. Advertising plays a vital role in the economical structure of a society. As part of our social life, advertising greatly affects our lifestyle. Advertisement is a vital marketing tool as well as powerful communication force calling something for attention of the people, especially by paid announcements. Definition of Advertising Different experts. Have defined […]

Theories of Mass Communication

Various Newspaper Chains in Pakistan

October 18, 2012 No Comments

Q.5 Discuss the various newspaper chains in Pakistan. Various Newspaper Chains in Pakistan: The typical Pakistani newspaper is of regular rather than tabloid size, averaging about 20 pages per issue. Most newspapers have a weekend, midweek, and magazine section. All the leading newspapers, including Jang , Nawa-e-Waqt , Dawn , The Nation The News International , and Business Recorder , have online editions The All-Pakistan Newspaper Society (APNS) estimated that the total combined circulation figure for daily newspapers and other periodicals was 3.5 million in 1997. Print media included 424 dailies, 718 weeklies, 107 fortnightlies, and 553 monthlies. Deficient literacy rates, urban orientation of the press, and the high price of newspapers are considered primary factors contributing to low circulation rates. Jang Group Jang Group is the top daily newspaper with a circulation of 850,000. Nawa-e-Waqt holds second place with 500,000, followed by Pakistan (279,000), Khabrain (232,000), The […]

Language Skills & Communicative Abilities

Guidelines of precise writing

March 23, 2012 No Comments

It was not so in Greece, where philosophers professed less, and undertook more. Parmenides pondered nebulously over the mystery of knowledge; but the pre-Socratics kept their eyes with fair consistency upon the firm earth, and sought to ferret out its secrets by observation and experience, rather than to create it by exuding dialectic; there were not many introverts among the Greeks. Picture Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher; would he not be perilous company for the desiccated scholastics who have made the disputes about the reality of the external world take the place of medieval discourses on the number of angles that could sit on the point of a pin? Picture Thales, who met the challenge that philosophers were numskulls by “cornering the market” and making a fortune in a year. Picture Anaxagoras, who did the work of Darwin for the Greeks and turned Pericles form a wire-pulling politician into a thinker […]

Language Skills & Communicative Abilities

Elaborate the differences between journalistic and literary writing

March 22, 2012 No Comments

Journalistic writing Joseph Pulitzer, a famous publisher in the 1800s, stressed one of the most important qualities of journalistic writing in his memorable command: “ Accuracy! Accuracy! Accuracy!” Roger Mudd’s quote on the first slide refers to another important quality of journalistic writing: objectivity. In addition, all journalistic writing should be clear, concise and colorful. Nothing is more embarrassing or unprofessional than writing and publishing a story that has factual inaccuracies. As a reporter, we were responsible for the information printed in your story. Review everything carefully. Our reputation, and that of your publication, is at stake. Double-check the spellings of student, faculty, and staff names, as well as grade levels and titles. Refer to official documents listing this information, such as homeroom lists or a school directory. Keep a current phone book and an atlas handy to double-check the names of organizations and places. Double-check dates, using a calendar […]