Mass Communication Archives

Sub Editor Qualifications & Functions of Sub editor

June 20, 2013 No Comments

Sub Editor Qulaifications & Functions of Sub editor

Sub Editor A sub editor receives a large number of news from news agencies, reporters and correspondents. He also receives press releases and handouts. He cannot publish all those news. Therefore, he selects important and interesting news reports. After selection he edits the news properly. The function of revising and editing is called sub-editing or subbing. Sub-editor is called the backbone of a newspaper due to his most important job. To present a news in an accurate and adequate way is the need of a good newspaper. This is sub-editor who performs this job. During editing of the news he also keeps in mind the laws of libel and defamation. He deletes all objectionable and surplus publicity material from news stories and publishes only newsworthy materials. During sub-editing the extra and repeated parts-of the news are killed down. The most important job of a sub-editor is to prepare headlines of […]

Social Psychology

MSc Mass Communication Spring 2012 Social Psychology – I Code 5639

June 1, 2013 7 Comments

MSc Mass Communication Spring 2012 Social Psychology – I Code 5639 Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad

Public Relations Code 968

Evolution and Growth of Public Relations

January 14, 2013 No Comments

Q.1 What is Public Relations? What do you know about evolution and growth of Public Relations. Public Relations: Public relations has assumed immense importance over the years. The importance of this vital and all embracing discipline can be gauged from the fact that the present information age is also called as the public relations age. As the very name suggests, public relations is a relationship, a liaison or a bridge between an organisation and its publics. International Encyclopaedia of Communication has defined the term public relations as the information activities and policies by which corporations and other organisations seek not only to create attitudes favourable to themselves and their work but also to counter adverse attitudes. According to New Webster’s Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the English Language, public relations is the art and techniques used to promote favourable public opinion. We are reproducing below definitions by some scholars and renowned […]

Advertising Code 967

Kinds of Advertising

December 22, 2012 No Comments

Describe different kinds of advertising. Explain with examples. Kinds of Advertising: Advertising includes those activities by which visual or oral messages are addressed to the public for the purpose of informing and influencing them to buy merchandise or services. These activities of advertising must tell the story of product, service, idea, person etc. Its basic appeal may be the same, but the shades and variations of the sales message must match the variety of merchandise. These different shades and variations of the message are actually different kinds of advertising. So, classification of kinds of advertising are established in accordance with the purpose of writers. Advertising can be classified from different angles, such as according to media, type of product, service, idea, institution, type of appeal; character of action sought, and so on. Different kinds of advertising with variety of appeals and messages are used to push the product ahead in […]

Basic Concepts of Social Sciences

judiciary organization, function and power

November 26, 2012 No Comments

Explain judiciary and the rule of law, organization of judiciary, its function and power. The Judiciary: Judiciary is the third organ of the government which is responsible for the administration of justice according, to the law of the .land enacted by the executive and made by the legislature. The concept of the welfare state is directly linked with social justice with impartiality and expeditiousness. An efficient judiciary is necessary for a good governance as it protects the individual rights of people in their public life. An efficient administration of justice maximizes the responsibility of a citizen in a state. It there is no effective judicial system, then there will he no law at all and the principle of “Might is right” will prevail. Severity of punishment does not but certainty of punishment does compel the offenders to abide by law. In ancient times, the executive and judicial function were combined […]

Basic Concepts of Social Sciences

Salient Feature of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan

November 15, 2012 1 Comment

Discuss the salient features of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. Salient Feature of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan: The present Constitution is the third constitution of the country which was drafted and passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on April 10, 1973. It was authenticated by the president on April 12, 1973 and enforced on August 14, 1973. Following are the main characteristics of this constitution. 1) A Written Constitution The Constitution of 1973 is written with a preamble, 280 Article, 6 Schedules and a few Amendments. Political Usage’s and Traditions are yet to emerge and develop side by side with the constitution of Pakistan. 2) Flexibility The Constitution is neither too rigid like the American Constitution nor too flexible like the British Constitution. It can he amended if 2/3 majority of the total strength of the National Assembly approves an amendment in it and when the same is […]

Basic Concepts of Social Sciences

Types and Examples of Collective Behaviour

November 13, 2012 No Comments

What is collective behaviour? Discuss different types and examples of collective behaviour. Also narrate theoretical approaches to the study of collective behaviour. Collective Behaviour: Collective behaviour has been generally applied to these events and refers to group behaviour which originates spontaneously, is entirely unorganized, fairly unpredictable and planless in course of development, and which depends on interstimulation among participants. Examples of collective behaviour include panics, revolutions, riots, lynching, manias, crazes, and fads. Traditional approaches to the study of collective behaviour have emphasized the importance of emotion, suggestibility and irrationality in the understanding of collective episodes. Types and Examples of Collective Behaviour The term collective behaviour has been applied to a broad range of group activities ranging from a rather spontaneous and short lived actions of a crowd to the more organized, structured and long-term experiences of a major social movement. – The Crowd We attend the theatre and game events […]