The Public Sphere – International Communication
A natural heir to the critical theorists, the German sociologist Jiirgen Habermas (born 1929) also lamented the standardization, massification and atomization of the public. Habermas
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Critical Theory – International Communication
Among the substantial body of research undertaken by the Frankfurt School theorists, the concept of the ‘culture industry’, first used by Adorno and Horkheimer in
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Hegemony – International Communication
By arguing that the propaganda model succeeds because there is no significant overt coercion from the state, Herman and Chomsky, in some ways, were following
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Structural Imperialism
Galtung argues that the world consists of developed ‘centre’ states and underdeveloped ‘periphery’ states. In turn, each centre and periphery state possesses a ‘core’ –
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Dependency Theory
Dependency theory emerged in Latin America in the late 1960s and 1970s, partly as a consequence of the political situation in the continent, with increasing
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Modernization Theory
Complementary to the doctrine of ‘free flow’ in the post-war years was the view that international communication was the key to the process of modernization
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Free flow of information
Free flow of information, After the Second World War and the establishment of a bi-polar world of free market capitalism and state socialism, theories of
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